Brief education: Inform patients about the risks of illicit drug use and signs of a substance use disorder.
Brief intervention: Patient-centered discussion that employs Motivational Interviewing concepts to raise a patient’s awareness of their substance use and enhances their motivation to change their use. Brief interventions are typically performed in 3-15 minutes, and should occur in the same session as the initial screening. Repeated sessions are more effective than a one-time intervention.
If a patient is ready to accept treatment, a referral is a proactive process that facilitates access to specialized care for individuals likely experiencing a substance use disorder. These patients are referred to alcohol and drug treatment experts for more definitive, in-depth assessment and, if warranted, treatment. However, treatment also includes prescribing medications for substance use disorder as part of the patient’s normal primary care.